Ap bio study guide answers chapter 66/18/2023 ![]() Cells must also export waste and toxins to stay healthy. Pathogenic bacteria and viruses are ingested and broken down by cells. Additionally, signaling molecules such as hormones and neurotransmitters are actively transported between cells. ![]() Just as energy is required to both build and demolish a building, energy is required for both the synthesis and breakdown of molecules. Complex carbohydrates are broken down into simple sugars that the cell uses for energy. For example, the large proteins that make up muscles are actively built from smaller molecules. Nutrients and other molecules are imported, metabolized (broken down), synthesized into new molecules, modified if needed, transported around the cell, and, in some cases, distributed to the entire organism. In fact, the living cells of every organism constantly use energy. Humans also use a great deal of energy while thinking and even during sleep. Energy is needed to perform heavy labor and exercise. Virtually every task performed by living organisms requires energy.
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